Meta Secures Several Multi-Gigawatt Nuclear Agreements to Power AI Data Centers

Meta Becomes Leading Tech Buyer of Nuclear Energy for Data Centers

Meta Platforms Inc. has entered into a series of electricity agreements that will make it the largest purchaser of nuclear power among major technology companies operating large-scale data centers.

The combined capacity of these deals could exceed 6 gigawatts—enough to supply electricity to a city of around 5 million households. This move highlights the ongoing rush among tech giants to secure reliable energy sources as competition in artificial intelligence intensifies.

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On Friday, Meta announced plans to buy electricity from three Vistra Corp. nuclear plants and to support the construction of small modular reactors by Oklo Inc. (backed by Sam Altman) and TerraPower LLC (supported by Bill Gates) over the coming decade. These arrangements follow a separate June agreement to source power from a Constellation Energy Corp. nuclear facility.

Following the announcement, Vistra’s stock jumped 10% in pre-market trading, while Oklo’s shares climbed roughly 20%.

As demand for electricity from data centers surges in the US, interest in nuclear power has been reignited. However, some large-scale tech companies that previously committed to renewable energy have also started considering or securing deals with natural gas plants, which can be built more quickly than nuclear facilities. While nuclear projects often require a decade to complete, data centers can be operational much sooner, increasing the urgency for new energy sources.

Understanding the Data Center Energy Challenge

According to energy consultancy Grid Strategies, US electricity consumption is projected to rise by at least 30% by 2030, with data centers accounting for the majority of this growth. Power providers are struggling to keep pace, making electricity availability a critical obstacle for AI development.

Despite recent agreements with gas-fired plants, tech companies remain interested in nuclear power for its low-carbon, continuous energy supply.

Amazon, Alphabet, and Microsoft have all signed contracts to access nuclear-generated electricity, but Meta’s recent moves have surpassed their efforts in scale.

Urvi Parekh, Meta’s global energy chief, stated that the new agreements are aimed at addressing concerns about the closure of existing nuclear plants and highlight the importance of early investment to encourage new nuclear development.

“There’s no single solution that will get the US to a point where nuclear is a significant part of the energy mix,” Parekh explained, emphasizing Meta’s ongoing commitment to low-carbon power.

Meta’s AI and Infrastructure Expansion

These energy deals align with CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s commitment to invest hundreds of billions of dollars through the decade to advance AI and the infrastructure supporting it. Major projects include “Prometheus,” a 1-gigawatt data center cluster in New Albany, Ohio, expected to launch this year, and “Hyperion,” a rural Louisiana facility that could reach 5 gigawatts and is slated for completion in 2028.

The Hyperion data center, which will be Meta’s largest AI-focused facility, will be powered by at least three natural gas plants. Entergy Corp., its utility provider, has applied to add more gas generation to the grid as Meta expands the project.

The nuclear agreements will also supply power to the Prometheus project in Ohio. Meta has not disclosed the financial details of these contracts.

“If electricity generation doesn’t increase, it could slow the pace of AI advancement,” Parekh noted. “The key is to expand our options and technologies as AI grows, rather than limiting what can be added to the grid.”

Details of the Nuclear Agreements

• Meta will purchase energy from the Davis-Besse and Perry reactors in Ohio, totaling over 2.1 gigawatts of current capacity, plus an additional 433 megawatts from planned upgrades at these plants and the Beaver Valley facility in Pennsylvania.
• The Vistra nuclear plants will continue to serve the PJM Interconnection LLC grid, which supplies more than 67 million people from the Midwest to the mid-Atlantic.
• Through a separate deal with Oklo, Meta will secure up to 1.2 gigawatts from new reactors planned in Ohio, with the first potentially operational by 2030. Oklo is developing a 75-megawatt reactor, pending federal approval, and Meta’s agreement includes a prepayment to help Oklo obtain fuel.
• Meta will also support the development of two TerraPower reactors capable of generating up to 690 megawatts, with delivery as early as 2032. Additionally, Meta has secured rights to energy from up to six future reactors, totaling 2.1 gigawatts.

Zuckerberg has previously told investors that underinvesting in AI infrastructure poses a greater risk to Meta than overspending. His approach is to rapidly build capacity in anticipation of reaching “superintelligence”—AI that surpasses human abilities in many areas.

“Nuclear energy must play a major role in meeting the power needs of AI,” said TerraPower CEO Chris Levesque.

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With contributions from Naureen S. Malik.

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